With condition that States commit to targets and reach

Deforestation causes 17 of annual worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, more than transportation. At this little-known observation, the climate summit in Cancun will try to reply within a few weeks by the ratification of the Redd . This multilateral funding innovative to help the countries of the South to avoid the cutting of tropical forests had almost led to an international agreement at the Copenhagen Summit. Negotiators hope to achieve in Cancun, the record being that one of the few able to materialize in the Mexico.

The fight against the climate effect of deforestation did not, however, expected the formal mechanisms of the United Nations to deploy. The Norway became spearheaded since the World Summit in Bali, in 2007, in which the Prime Minister, Jens Stoltenberg, undertook before a bewildered to pay up to 3 billion kroner ($500 million) annually to the major forest countries.

Take evil at the root

A small gesture for this oil-rich country, but which the bar very high. "We are committed in these bilateral operations to other countries show the interest of such a mechanism, in preparation for Redd ", says Hans Brattskar, Director of the Government program for the climate and the forest. "The Norwegians have made the choice to invest in the fight against deforestation because they believe that it is the most immediate way, the most effective and least expensive to tackle the greenhouse effect," supports Lars Lovold, Director of the NGO Rainforest Foundation Norway, very active in the Congo basin. The partners of the Norway in Redd whisper another motivation of Oslo, less will: Green the image of the country, which draws its wealth from oil and intensive fisheries.

The Norway focused on the countries most affected by the phenomenon and more able to respond, which excludes Burma, for example. The Brazil could receive up to 1 billion by 2015, the Indonesia as much and the Guyana 250 million.

This manna seeks to address the multiple causes of cuts and burns. The fragility of the right of these countries opens the door to all abusive arrangements in public forests: agriculture, mining, construction... Effective response is then legal: create law, funding policies, support the reserves... Poverty also grows to collect populations of firewood, clearing for farming. "It is to reverse the economic rule: a dead tree is more than a living tree", explains Lars Lovold. The parade is to finance the development of alternative economic activities. With condition that States commit to targets and reach.

Verification by satellite

"Currently, the Brazil is the only country to meet our conditions," provides Hans Brattskar. Brasilia created an Amazon Fund, which works with rules equivalent to a simplified Redd in 2008. Each year, satellite measures amount surface losses, compared to the average of ten years. Each saved hectare is valued at 100 tons of carbon and each ton paid $ 4. It is on the basis of these findings that the Norway has paid more than 120 million over the past two years and plans to pay 150 million additional for 2010. "The Brazil was reduced from 60 to 80 its destruction", welcomes Hans Brattskar. On the year 2004, highest point of the deforestation, the deforestation reached 27,000 square kilometres. They now CES around 11,000 km2 per year. The Amazon Fund, which is agreed by the Brazil, is managed by the Brazilian Development Bank and the stakeholders (State, indigenous communities, etc.). It supports dozens of projects. Equivalent is in place in Guyana, and the Indonesia began preliminary work a few years.

The Brazilian success is certainly the best Ambassador of the device, but the Norwegian initiative still raises questions. According to a diplomat responsible for climate issues, this spill of money may upset some local partnerships, as this was found in Tanzania. And then the money is not all: in Norway, there have not yet found enough projects for spending the expected envelope.